Hawaii is home to a few turkey species, primarily domestic varieties introduced to the islands. While wild turkeys are rare, some small populations exist on larger islands where hunting and farming occur. This guide covers the main types of turkeys you might encounter in Hawaii, along with tips for identification.
1. Domestic Turkeys in Hawaii
Most turkeys in Hawaii are domestic and are raised for meat or ornamental purposes. They come in a variety of breeds and colors.
Habitat
Domestic turkeys are found on farms, homesteads, and occasionally in rural backyards. They require sheltered areas and open spaces for foraging.
Behavior
Generally docile birds, domestic turkeys may form small flocks and are accustomed to human presence. Males can display strutting behavior similar to wild turkeys, especially during breeding season.
Diet
Omnivorous: feed on grains, vegetables, insects, and commercial poultry feed.
Identification
Domestic turkeys come in various colors including bronze, white, and black. Males are larger with prominent wattles and beards; females are smaller and less colorful.
2. Eastern Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris)
While not native, small populations of Eastern Wild Turkeys have been introduced to some Hawaiian islands, usually for hunting purposes.
Habitat
They inhabit forested areas, farmland edges, and open pastures where they can forage and roost safely.
Behavior
Social birds that form flocks outside the breeding season. Males perform strutting displays to attract females. Roost in tall trees at night.
Diet
Omnivorous: feed on seeds, berries, insects, and small reptiles.
Identification
Males have iridescent bronze-green feathers with red, blue, and white heads. Females are smaller, duller, and usually lack a beard.
3. Broad Breasted White Turkey
A popular domestic breed found in Hawaii, primarily raised for meat production.
Habitat
Farmyards and homesteads with proper shelter.
Behavior
Calm and less active than wild turkeys, but males may show occasional strutting behavior.
Diet
Feed on grains, vegetables, and commercial poultry feed.
Identification
All-white plumage, large body size, and prominent red wattle. Males have a more pronounced beard.
4. Heritage Breeds ( Bourbon Red, Narragansett)
These breeds are less common but are kept by poultry enthusiasts and small farms in Hawaii.
Habitat
Small farms, backyard flocks, and areas with shelter and open space.
Behavior
Hardy birds, more active than commercial breeds, often foraging freely.
Diet
Grains, insects, greens, and seeds.
Identification
Bourbon Reds are reddish-brown with white wing tips; Narragansetts are gray with black and white markings. Both sexes display typical turkey features, with males sporting a beard.
Conclusion
While Hawaii is not the native home of wild turkeys, several domestic and introduced species thrive on the islands. Domestic breeds like Broad Breasted Whites are most common, while heritage breeds add diversity for enthusiasts. Understanding their habitat, behavior, diet, and identification helps both farmers and bird watchers appreciate these fascinating birds. Whether for farming, ornamental purposes, or limited hunting, turkeys in Hawaii continue to be an interesting part of the island’s avian community.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Are wild turkeys native to Hawaii?
No, wild turkeys are not native. Small populations exist due to introduction.
2. What is the most common turkey in Hawaii?
Domestic turkeys, including Broad Breasted Whites, are the most common.
3. Can you hunt turkeys in Hawaii?
Hunting is limited and usually applies only to introduced populations on certain islands.
4. What do turkeys in Hawaii eat?
They are omnivorous: grains, seeds, insects, fruits, and vegetables.
5. How can you identify a male turkey?
Males are larger, have bright iridescent feathers, a red wattle, and often a beard.
6. How can you identify a female turkey?
Females are smaller, duller in color, and usually lack a beard.
7. Are turkeys in Hawaii social?
Yes, they form flocks outside the breeding season.
8. Where do turkeys roost in Hawaii?
Wild turkeys roost in tall trees; domestic turkeys often stay in coops or farm structures.
9. What is the lifespan of turkeys in Hawaii?
Domestic turkeys live 5–10 years; wild or heritage breeds may live slightly longer if not hunted.
10. Are there heritage turkey breeds in Hawaii?
Yes, Bourbon Red and Narragansett breeds are occasionally kept.
11. Do turkeys fly?
Wild turkeys can fly short distances; domestic turkeys usually cannot due to large body size.
12. How heavy do turkeys in Hawaii get?
Males can weigh up to 30 lbs; females 10–12 lbs, depending on the breed.
13. Do turkeys have predators in Hawaii?
Yes, introduced predators like feral pigs, dogs, and cats can pose a threat.
14. Are turkeys noisy?
Yes, males gobble, especially during breeding season. Females make clucking sounds.
15. How to care for domestic turkeys in Hawaii?
Provide shelter, clean water, adequate food, and protection from predators.
Read more: Types of Turkeys in Georgia(Pictures And Identification)