Texas is famous for its wide-open skies, and hummingbirds seem to treat the state like their personal aerial highway. With warm weather, rich plant life, and long migration corridors, Texas hosts more hummingbird species than almost anywhere else in the United States. This guide explores 20 types of hummingbirds in Texas, offering clear identification tips, helpful behavior notes, and insight into how each species interacts with local habitats. Whether you’re a backyard birder or someone who simply enjoys seeing flashes of color zip past your porch, this review provides an approachable and engaging look at these remarkable birds. Hop in, because Texas hummingbird season always has a surprise or two waiting.
1. Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is often the first species people think of when imagining hummingbirds in Texas, even though it isn’t the most common hummingbird statewide. It stands at about 3 to 3.5 inches tall, with a slender, streamlined body shaped for quick maneuvering. The male’s glittering red gorget is the star attraction, shining like a gemstone whenever light hits at the right angle. Females lack this brilliant throat patch and instead display soft white underparts, greenish backs, and rounded tails with white corner tips. Beginners sometimes confuse them with Black-chinned Hummingbirds, but a closer look at the bill shape and the male’s bright throat usually clears up the puzzle.
Identifying the Ruby-throated Hummingbird in Texas can be a slight challenge because other species also pass through during migration, yet the green upperparts and clean, classic hummingbird proportions make it easier once you get familiar. Juveniles resemble females but are more muted, and they occasionally show faint throat streaking that looks like pencil marks. If you spot a hummingbird hovering around red flowers or your feeder with a bright ruby flash lighting up its chest, chances are you’ve found this species.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds behave like nature’s miniature acrobats. They dart, hover, reverse direction, and zip away before the human eye fully processes the motion. Their flight agility helps them fight for territory fiercely—males often chase rivals with aggressive zigzag patterns that look very much like an aerial duel. Although small, they have a confident attitude.
Their nesting behavior is just as fascinating. Females are responsible for building the nest, crafting a tiny cup about the size of a walnut shell. It is constructed using plant fluff, spider silk, and lichen pieces, which help camouflage the nest among tree branches. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds seldom nest in large groups; each female chooses her own protected spot. After laying two white eggs—similar in size to small jelly beans—she handles incubation alone. The male’s involvement ends after mating, which is typical among hummingbirds.
Habitat and Range
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds primarily breed east of Texas, especially in central and eastern states, but Texas acts as a crucial migration corridor. Every spring and fall, thousands of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds pass through, stopping to rest and refuel. Some remain in eastern Texas throughout the summer, particularly in areas with dense woodlands, gardens, and rural landscapes.
During spring migration, many fly directly across the Gulf of Mexico—a heroic journey for a bird that weighs less than a penny. Others take a land route through south Texas. In fall, they repeat the journey in reverse, with juveniles making the trip for the first time on instinct alone.
Diet
Their diet consists mainly of nectar, which fuels their rapid wingbeats. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds consume sugar-rich nectar from native Texas plants like trumpet vine, red yucca, crossvine, and turk’s cap. They also depend heavily on supplemental feeders, especially during migration when energy demands spike. In addition to plant sugars, they eat small insects such as gnats, fruit flies, and spiderlings, which provide essential protein. Occasionally, they snatch insects mid-air, displaying surprising precision for such a tiny bird.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
After mating, the female Ruby-throated Hummingbird lays two eggs and incubates them for about two weeks. Once hatched, the chicks spend several weeks developing feathers, building muscle strength, and learning to fly. Their early life involves constant feeding—sometimes up to twice their body weight in nectar and insects each day. Juveniles grow quickly and resemble their mother until their first molt. By their first migration season, they are mostly independent, relying on innate behaviors to navigate.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds beat their wings around 50–60 times per second. When displaying or showing off, males may reach over 200 beats per second. They also have excellent memory, remembering which flowers replenish nectar and which feeders are consistently stocked. Another intriguing trait is their ability to lower their metabolism at night, entering a temporary state like light hibernation called torpor. This helps them conserve energy when food sources aren’t available.
Human Interaction
Texans love seeing Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, especially during migration. Many people maintain feeders to assist these colorful birds, and the species responds positively by returning each year. They’re comfortable visiting human-inhabited spaces as long as feeders remain clean and free of mold. Watching their aerial disputes at feeders can be surprisingly entertaining, like witnessing a tiny airborne boxing match.
2. Green‑breasted Mango (Anthracothorax prevostii)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Green‑breasted Mango is about 4.3 inches long, with glossy green upperparts and a reddish belly. Males have a slightly brighter chest than females. Identification is aided by the reddish belly contrasting with metallic green plumage.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
These hummingbirds are energetic, often chasing competitors from rich nectar sources. Females build cup-shaped nests from plant fibers and spider silk, usually positioned on sturdy branches.
Habitat and Range
Native to Central America and parts of Mexico, Green‑breasted Mangos are very rare in Georgia. They prefer forest edges, gardens, and areas abundant in nectar during rare excursions northward.
Diet
Their diet is mainly nectar supplemented by insects. Backyard feeders occasionally support these vagrant individuals.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Females lay two eggs per clutch, incubated for about two weeks. Chicks fledge after roughly three weeks, remaining under maternal care initially.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Green‑breasted Mangos are admired for their vibrant belly color and agility. Their rare sightings in Georgia provide memorable experiences for birdwatchers.
Human Interaction
Occasionally visiting feeders and gardens, they are highly prized by photographers and birding enthusiasts due to their rarity in the state.
3. Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Rufous Hummingbird earns widespread admiration for its fiery orange coloration, making it one of the easiest species to identify among the many types of hummingbirds in Texas. Adult males glow with a deep reddish-orange body, an iridescent throat that can shift between fiery red and copper under the sun, and a compact appearance that gives them an almost animated quality. Females differ significantly, featuring green backs, white underparts, and orange speckles along the sides. Juveniles resemble females but gradually gain more orange feathers after molting.
Rufous Hummingbirds are robust, determined, and sometimes downright bossy around feeders. They’re smaller than they look—averaging about 3 inches in length—but compensate with a bold attitude. When you notice a tiny orange blur chasing every other bird away from a feeder, chances are you’re dealing with a Rufous.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Among all hummingbirds that appear in Texas, the Rufous is notorious for its aggression. Males defend territories with unmatched intensity, engaging in short, sharp flights to ward off competitors. Their courtship flight involves a steep “J-shaped” dive paired with buzzing wing sounds and chirping noises. Females, although less aggressive, maintain firm control over nesting territories.
Interestingly, Rufous Hummingbirds almost never nest in Texas—they typically breed in the Pacific Northwest and parts of Canada. But during migration, especially in late summer and fall, Texas becomes an important refueling stop. Their migration route is one of the longest of any bird relative to body size, stretching nearly 4,000 miles from Mexico to Alaska and back.
Females build nests crafted from plant fibers, spider silk, and lichen. They typically lay two eggs per clutch and raise the young independently. While Texas is not a primary breeding region, some individuals overwinter in the state, especially along the coast and around Houston, San Antonio, and Austin.
Habitat and Range
Rufous Hummingbirds follow an impressive migration circuit. They head north along the Pacific flyway in spring, then migrate south through the Rocky Mountains and central states—including Texas—during fall. Texas serves as a crucial stopover, particularly for birds traveling long distances from breeding grounds.
Sightings occur statewide, though fall migration brings the most activity. Coastal regions, the Hill Country, and urban gardens with ample feeders see frequent visits. They prefer habitats with abundant nectar sources, including brushy fields, desert landscapes, wooded neighborhoods, and parks.
Diet
Rufous Hummingbirds consume nectar from various flowering plants, such as red salvia, trumpet vine, turk’s cap, and desert willow. They also feed on small insects, catching them mid-flight or grabbing them from spider webs. Protein is especially important during migration when energy reserves deplete rapidly. They respond strongly to feeders, often claiming them aggressively and chasing away other hummingbirds with surprising boldness.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Their reproductive cycle typically takes place far north of Texas. Females construct nests in trees and shrubs and raise two chicks per brood. The young grow quickly and become fully independent within a month. Although Texas is not central to their reproductive activity, the state plays an essential role during migration, helping adults and juveniles build fat reserves necessary for survival.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Rufous Hummingbirds hold the record for the longest migration distance relative to their size. They are also famous for their strong memory—after identifying a good feeding location in Texas, many individuals return in future years. Their territorial personality makes them memorable; they often dominate feeders despite their small size. Their coloration also stands out in photographs, making them a favorite among bird photographers.
Human Interaction
Because of their reliance on stopover sites, Texans play a significant role in supporting Rufous Hummingbirds. Maintaining clean feeders from August through November helps migrating individuals refuel. Observers should not be surprised to see these birds chasing away larger species despite the size difference. Their tenacity and fiery colors make them among the most entertaining hummingbirds to watch.
4. Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Broad-tailed Hummingbird is one of the more striking species found among the many types of hummingbirds in Texas, especially during migration. Adults measure about 4 inches in length—slightly larger than common Texan species like the Black-chinned Hummingbird. Males are unmistakable with their iridescent rose-magenta throat, shimmering like a jewel when sunlight hits it at the right angle. Their backs appear metallic green, and their tails are noticeably broad, a feature that inspired their name. Females lack the vibrant throat patch and instead present speckled underparts, a green crown, and cinnamon-colored flanks. Juveniles often resemble the females but develop a more defined pattern as they mature.
One of the most recognizable field marks of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird is the distinct wing sound produced during flight. Unlike the deep hum of other species, their wings create a sharp, trilling whistle caused by the structure of their primary feathers. If you hear this sound before seeing the bird, you’ve likely identified the species already. They also tend to hover in a more deliberate manner, giving observers a longer look at their brilliant plumage.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds display a mix of energetic flight patterns and surprisingly calm perching behavior. Males are famous for their courtship flights, performing rapid U-shaped dives accompanied by that loud wing trill. Their displays can be so intense that the sound carries across meadows and gardens. When defending territory, males exhibit short, sharp chases, especially when competing for nectar-rich flower patches.
Nesting typically takes place in cooler habitats, often at higher elevations in mountainous regions outside of Texas. However, during migration, females may show nesting-like behavior when searching for safe perches. In their breeding locations, females build nests using soft plant down, spider webs, and lichens. Nests expand over time thanks to the elasticity provided by spider silk. Two eggs are usually laid per clutch, and the female handles all parental duties, from incubation to feeding.
Habitat and Range
This species breeds primarily in the Rocky Mountains, ranging from Arizona and New Mexico up through Colorado and Wyoming. Texas serves as a major migration pathway, with sightings most frequent in the Panhandle, West Texas, and the Hill Country. They prefer open woodlands, mountain meadows, grasslands, and riparian corridors. Their presence in Texas peaks during late spring and late summer, as they pass through the state traveling between their breeding grounds and wintering areas in Mexico.
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds tend to avoid densely forested areas or humid coastal environments while migrating, instead choosing wide-open landscapes that offer abundant flowering plants. Their route through Texas plays a vital role in their annual journey, helping them replenish energy stores with nectar from native blooms.
Diet
Nectar makes up the majority of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird’s diet. They show a preference for tubular flowers such as penstemons, trumpet vine, red yucca, and sage varieties common in Texas. They supplement their diet with insects, especially tiny flies, gnats, and ants. During migration, they rely heavily on feeders supplied by residents. Their metabolism is incredibly fast, meaning they spend most of the day feeding, resting only briefly between meals.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
In their breeding territories, females lay two eggs per brood and incubate them for about 15–17 days. The chicks develop rapidly, requiring substantial protein intake, which the female provides by catching insects. Fledging occurs roughly three weeks after hatching. Juveniles stay close to the nesting area until they master flying and foraging. Their first migration is a monumental milestone, as they instinctively navigate thousands of miles without guidance.
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds often live 4–6 years, with some individuals recorded beyond that range. Their life cycle depends heavily on flower availability, climate conditions, and safe migratory pathways like those found in Texas.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
One standout feature of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird is its ability to tolerate cold temperatures thanks to its nightly use of torpor, a temporary reduction of metabolic rate. This energy-saving state helps them survive chilly mountain nights. Their distinctive wing whistle is another fascinating trait—birdwatchers often identify them by ear before seeing them. They are also known to return to the same breeding and feeding grounds year after year.
Human Interaction
Texans frequently spot Broad-tailed Hummingbirds at feeders during migration. Gardeners who maintain flowering plants like salvia and penstemon often enjoy regular visits. Their tolerance for human presence makes them particularly rewarding to observe. Clean feeders, consistent nectar supply, and pesticide-free gardens support these birds during their long journeys.
4. Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Broad-tailed Hummingbird is one of the more striking species found among the many types of hummingbirds in Texas, especially during migration. Adults measure about 4 inches in length—slightly larger than common Texan species like the Black-chinned Hummingbird. Males are unmistakable with their iridescent rose-magenta throat, shimmering like a jewel when sunlight hits it at the right angle. Their backs appear metallic green, and their tails are noticeably broad, a feature that inspired their name. Females lack the vibrant throat patch and instead present speckled underparts, a green crown, and cinnamon-colored flanks. Juveniles often resemble the females but develop a more defined pattern as they mature.
One of the most recognizable field marks of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird is the distinct wing sound produced during flight. Unlike the deep hum of other species, their wings create a sharp, trilling whistle caused by the structure of their primary feathers. If you hear this sound before seeing the bird, you’ve likely identified the species already. They also tend to hover in a more deliberate manner, giving observers a longer look at their brilliant plumage.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds display a mix of energetic flight patterns and surprisingly calm perching behavior. Males are famous for their courtship flights, performing rapid U-shaped dives accompanied by that loud wing trill. Their displays can be so intense that the sound carries across meadows and gardens. When defending territory, males exhibit short, sharp chases, especially when competing for nectar-rich flower patches.
Nesting typically takes place in cooler habitats, often at higher elevations in mountainous regions outside of Texas. However, during migration, females may show nesting-like behavior when searching for safe perches. In their breeding locations, females build nests using soft plant down, spider webs, and lichens. Nests expand over time thanks to the elasticity provided by spider silk. Two eggs are usually laid per clutch, and the female handles all parental duties, from incubation to feeding.
Habitat and Range
This species breeds primarily in the Rocky Mountains, ranging from Arizona and New Mexico up through Colorado and Wyoming. Texas serves as a major migration pathway, with sightings most frequent in the Panhandle, West Texas, and the Hill Country. They prefer open woodlands, mountain meadows, grasslands, and riparian corridors. Their presence in Texas peaks during late spring and late summer, as they pass through the state traveling between their breeding grounds and wintering areas in Mexico.
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds tend to avoid densely forested areas or humid coastal environments while migrating, instead choosing wide-open landscapes that offer abundant flowering plants. Their route through Texas plays a vital role in their annual journey, helping them replenish energy stores with nectar from native blooms.
Diet
Nectar makes up the majority of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird’s diet. They show a preference for tubular flowers such as penstemons, trumpet vine, red yucca, and sage varieties common in Texas. They supplement their diet with insects, especially tiny flies, gnats, and ants. During migration, they rely heavily on feeders supplied by residents. Their metabolism is incredibly fast, meaning they spend most of the day feeding, resting only briefly between meals.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
In their breeding territories, females lay two eggs per brood and incubate them for about 15–17 days. The chicks develop rapidly, requiring substantial protein intake, which the female provides by catching insects. Fledging occurs roughly three weeks after hatching. Juveniles stay close to the nesting area until they master flying and foraging. Their first migration is a monumental milestone, as they instinctively navigate thousands of miles without guidance.
Broad-tailed Hummingbirds often live 4–6 years, with some individuals recorded beyond that range. Their life cycle depends heavily on flower availability, climate conditions, and safe migratory pathways like those found in Texas.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
One standout feature of the Broad-tailed Hummingbird is its ability to tolerate cold temperatures thanks to its nightly use of torpor, a temporary reduction of metabolic rate. This energy-saving state helps them survive chilly mountain nights. Their distinctive wing whistle is another fascinating trait—birdwatchers often identify them by ear before seeing them. They are also known to return to the same breeding and feeding grounds year after year.
Human Interaction
Texans frequently spot Broad-tailed Hummingbirds at feeders during migration. Gardeners who maintain flowering plants like salvia and penstemon often enjoy regular visits. Their tolerance for human presence makes them particularly rewarding to observe. Clean feeders, consistent nectar supply, and pesticide-free gardens support these birds during their long journeys.
6. Allen’s Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
Allen’s Hummingbird is a dazzling species known for its warm orange tones and shimmering green plumage. Males feature an iridescent reddish-orange gorget, deep orange underparts, and green backs. Their tails are mostly reddish with black tips. Females and juveniles, while less vivid, show a pleasant combination of green, white, and orange along their flanks. They closely resemble the Rufous Hummingbird, making identification tricky at times. However, Allens’ Hummingbirds typically have more extensive green on their backs and slightly narrower tail feathers.
Their flight style is quick, direct, and confident. Males often patrol a specific territory, diving at intruders with sharp, insect-like buzzes. Their wingbeats produce a light whirring sound—a bit softer than the Rufous but still distinct. Observers watching multiple feeders may notice that Allen’s Hummingbirds hold their ground with surprising bravery despite their small size.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Allen’s Hummingbirds display bold behavior around food sources. Males frequently perch near feeders or flower patches, watching for opportunities to defend their territory. Their courtship display is a classic steep dive followed by a rapid ascent, producing a sharp “zing” as they swoop past the female. Though aggressive when needed, these birds also show moments of calm, resting on thin branches between feeding bouts.
Breeding occurs along the California coast rather than in Texas. Females construct nests using spider webs, plant fibers, and soft down. The small cup-shaped nests blend well with shrubs and trees thanks to added bits of moss and lichen. Two eggs are laid per clutch, and after hatching, the chicks grow rapidly under the female’s dedicated care.
Habitat and Range
Allen’s Hummingbirds primarily breed in coastal California but migrate through southwestern states, occasionally reaching Texas—especially the Gulf Coast and southern regions. Their appearance in Texas is considered uncommon but not unheard of. Birdwatchers who maintain winter feeders sometimes host rare individuals, particularly during December and January.
They prefer gardens, open woodlands, and shrubby coastal habitats during their breeding season. When they wander into Texas, they gravitate to feeders, flowering gardens, and protected patches of vegetation offering nectar-rich blooms.
Diet
Their diet includes nectar from red tubular flowers such as fuchsia, salvia, trumpet vine, and coral honeysuckle. They also feed on insects by hawking them mid-air or collecting them from webs. During stopovers in Texas, feeders play an important role in their daily energy intake. Their small bodies demand constant refueling; a single day of foraging may include dozens of visits to feeders and hundreds of flower stops.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Reproduction occurs outside Texas. Females incubate eggs for about 15 days and care for the chicks until fledging, which occurs around three weeks after hatching. Young hummingbirds spend days practicing hovering and short flights before they gain full independence. Migration typically begins soon after juveniles mature enough to travel.
Allen’s Hummingbirds live between 4–6 years in the wild, though some individuals live longer. Their life cycle relies heavily on predictable nectar supplies and safe migratory pathways.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
One of the most impressive traits of Allen’s Hummingbird is its ability to perform lightning-fast aerial displays. They can ascend vertically at incredible speed, then drop in a controlled dive that creates a sharp whistling noise. Their territorial persistence is legendary—they willingly confront larger birds when protecting a food source. Another fascinating feature is their iridescent gorget, which changes color depending on the angle of light.
Human Interaction
A small number of Allen’s Hummingbirds visit Texas feeders each winter, making them a delightful surprise for birdwatchers. When they do appear, they often establish reliable daily routines, sometimes returning at nearly the same time each day. Because they resemble Rufous Hummingbirds, homeowners may need photographs or expert identification to differentiate the two. Clean feeders and nectar-rich gardens help support these unexpected travelers.
7. Lucifer Hummingbird (Calothorax lucifer)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Lucifer Hummingbird is one of those birds that looks like it was designed by an artist who couldn’t decide between “dramatic” and “mysterious,” so they mixed both themes and called it a day. Males display a brilliant magenta-purple throat that flares outward like a sharply cut gemstone, creating an unmistakable silhouette when seen from the right angle. Their curved, sickle-shaped bill distinguishes them from many other hummingbirds in Texas, especially when they hover near agave or desert flowers. Females are more understated, wearing soft buff and gray tones, but their slim shape and gently decurved bill still make identification fairly straightforward.
Their wings appear long and narrow, giving them an almost aerodynamic, falcon-like look when they dart through desert canyons. Observers in West Texas often talk about a “blink and you miss it” feeling because these hummingbirds zip past with such speed that their iridescence seems to shimmer, vanish, and reappear in seconds.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
This species behaves as though the desert belongs entirely to it—bold, quick, and surprisingly territorial for its size. Males perform swooping, U-shaped display flights during courtship, occasionally pausing to fan their throat feathers as if saying, “Take a good look; I don’t do this for everyone.” They tend to chase away intruding hummingbirds with a determination that is almost comical considering their small stature.
Nesting is typically done by females alone. They craft compact cups of plant fibers, spider silk, and downy material gathered from nearby shrubs. These nests are often tucked into thorny or exposed desert plants, possibly because those locations discourage predators that would rather avoid being pricked while stealing eggs. The incubation period is short, and females provide frequent feedings, visiting the nest every few minutes during peak activity.
Habitat and Range
The Lucifer Hummingbird is a species strongly associated with the Chihuahuan Desert, making West Texas one of the best places in the United States to see them. They favor arid canyons, rocky slopes, desert washes, and agave-rich environments. Their range extends into northern Mexico, and some individuals wander slightly eastward during favorable blooming seasons. While they remain rare in most parts of the state, birders visiting Big Bend National Park or the Davis Mountains often consider a Lucifer sighting one of the highlights of their trip.
Diet
They are strongly connected to desert flora such as agave, ocotillo, and various yucca species. Their long, curved bill lets them probe flowers that are inaccessible to straighter-billed hummingbirds, giving them a valuable niche in the desert ecosystem. Alongside nectar, they consume small insects—particularly gnats and tiny beetles—captured during aerial sallies. During brood season, protein intake increases dramatically to support growing chicks.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding occurs during late spring and early summer when desert flowers reach reliable blooming stages. Females lay two eggs, which they incubate for about two weeks. The chicks grow rapidly, developing pin feathers within days and fully fledging in roughly three weeks. Their survival depends greatly on nectar availability; drought years can reduce nesting success.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Their curved bill is among the most distinctive of any hummingbird in Texas.
Males often angle their head so sunlight hits their gorget at the perfect moment, almost like they’re posing for a tiny desert photoshoot.
They can fly surprisingly long distances over barren terrain in search of flowers.
Human Interaction
Although generally shy, they occasionally visit backyard feeders in far West Texas, especially during dry years when natural blooms are limited. Responsible landscaping using native desert plants can help support their populations. They are a sought-after species for birdwatchers, contributing to ecotourism in remote areas.
8. Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
Costa’s Hummingbird is often described as the hummingbird that looks like it’s wearing a royal cape. The males have vivid violet-purple throat feathers that flare outward and downward, forming a dramatic “mustache” and collar. This makes them among the most instantly recognizable hummingbirds in Texas. Their head feathers shine even in low light, and when sunlight hits them directly, they glow with an almost neon intensity.
Females are far more subtle, dressed in soft gray and green hues. While their plumage does not flash colors like the males, their short, straight bill and compact size still allow birders to distinguish them from other hummingbirds in the region. Their wings often have a characteristic hum that sounds slightly higher-pitched than that of larger species.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Costa’s Hummingbirds are active, energetic, and occasionally a bit feisty around feeders. Males perform elaborate courtship dances, descending in arcs while emitting high-pitched buzzing sounds. These displays can continue for several minutes if a female seems receptive, though she often pretends not to notice—typical hummingbird romance.
Nests are crafted by females using plant fibers, spider silk, and tiny pieces of bark. They choose shrubs, cacti, or low tree branches, preferring partially shaded spots that protect the eggs from extreme heat. Females incubate the eggs alone and tend the chicks with remarkable dedication.
Habitat and Range
While mainly a Southwest desert species, Costa’s Hummingbirds appear in Texas during certain seasons, especially in the western and southern regions. They favor dry landscapes, desert gardens, and open scrub habitats. Their presence is often linked to flower availability, particularly in years when desert plants bloom heavily after winter rains.
Diet
Nectar is their primary food source, with a strong preference for desert flowers such as chuparosa, desert honeysuckle, and penstemons. They also consume insects for protein, often snatching them mid-air or collecting them from flower heads. Their rapid metabolism demands frequent feeding—sometimes every ten minutes.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding usually occurs early in the spring when desert blooms reach their peak. Females lay two eggs, incubating them for around fifteen days. Chicks develop quickly and may leave the nest in three weeks, though they continue begging for food for several days afterward.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
The male’s flared gorget is one of the most dramatic in North America.
They conserve water efficiently, an adaptation vital for desert life.
Their courtship song can be heard several meters away, unusual for such a small bird.
Human Interaction
Costa’s Hummingbirds sometimes show up at feeders in Texas, particularly during migration or when desert rainfall is scarce. Native flowering plants increase the chance of sightings, and many birders in South Texas eagerly report the first Costa’s arrival each year.
9. Anna’s Hummingbird (Calypte anna)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
Anna’s Hummingbird is famous for sporting one of the most vibrant head-and-throat color patterns of any hummingbird in North America. Males wear a shimmering rose-pink gorget that extends across the entire crown, creating the impression that their entire head is dipped in metallic color. When they turn their head, the shade shifts from crimson to fuchsia depending on the sun’s angle, almost like they’re showing off a built-in mood light.
Females are greener, with a lightly speckled throat and a more modest appearance, though they sometimes show small patches of iridescent pink. Their medium-length bill and robust body shape set them apart from slimmer hummingbird species. Both sexes exhibit energetic wingbeats that create a mechanical hum when they hover.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Anna’s Hummingbirds are bold, confident, and sometimes behave as though backyard feeders belong exclusively to them. They chase intruders with surprising determination, darting through shrubs and trees in swift pursuit. Their courtship routine is among the most dramatic in the hummingbird world: males ascend high into the air before diving straight downward toward the female, producing a loud, explosive tail-feather whistle at the bottom of the dive.
Females construct the nests using plant down, spider webs, and small bits of lichen. They often place nests in shaded garden trees, vines, or shrubs. Their nests stretch as the chicks grow, thanks to the elasticity of spider silk, making them one of nature’s most efficient small-scale engineers.
Habitat and Range
Anna’s Hummingbirds are originally native to the West Coast, but they have steadily expanded their range eastward. In Texas, they appear regularly—especially in winter—because the state’s mild temperatures and abundance of flowering plants provide reliable resources. They are now considered one of the more frequently observed non-migratory hummingbirds in some Texas regions.
Diet
These hummingbirds feed on nectar from a wide variety of flowering plants, including both native shrubs and ornamental garden flowers. They also pick insects from foliage or catch them mid-flight. During cooler months, their feeding activity increases significantly to maintain body temperature, making them common visitors to well-maintained feeders.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Anna’s Hummingbirds can breed earlier than most species, sometimes beginning courtship in late winter. The female lays two eggs and incubates them for around two weeks. Chicks grow rapidly and leave the nest in roughly twenty-four days, though they remain dependent on the mother for additional feedings shortly afterward.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
They are one of the few hummingbird species capable of staying year-round in certain regions.
Their dive display can generate a sound louder than expected from a bird this small.
They often sing short, scratchy songs—unusual for hummingbirds.
Human Interaction
Anna’s Hummingbirds adapt well to suburban habitats, making them frequent visitors to Texas feeders. Their willingness to stay through winter adds color to the landscape during months when many other birds have migrated south. Gardeners who plant winter-blooming flowers often enjoy regular visits from these radiant little birds.
10. Buff-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia yucatanensis)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Buff-bellied Hummingbird stands out immediately thanks to its warm, cinnamon-colored belly and bright emerald-green upperparts. When sunlight hits it just right, its plumage seems to glow, making this species surprisingly easy to recognize compared with other hummingbirds in Texas. It has a slightly curved, two-toned bill—red at the base and dark at the tip—giving it a distinctive profile that birdwatchers can use to confirm identification even from a distance.
Their wings often appear dusky or bronze-toned in flight, and males sometimes flash an iridescent throat that shifts between gold and green depending on the viewing angle. Females share similar colors but generally show softer, more diffused shading. Their overall shape is somewhat stockier than many hummingbirds, which helps them stand out at feeders where slimmer species dart around more erratically.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Buff-bellied Hummingbirds are surprisingly assertive, especially around nectar sources. They have a habit of hovering in place a little longer than other species, as though carefully evaluating every flower before committing to a sip. Males often defend feeding territories by chasing off intruders with determined bursts of speed, though they don’t always win when more aggressive species show up.
The nesting routine is managed entirely by the female. She constructs a compact structure of plant fibers, spider silk, and soft materials like downy seeds. These nests are typically built on low tree branches, fence posts, or shrubs, often within a few feet of the ground. Because the species frequently inhabits suburban areas, it’s not uncommon for homeowners to discover a delicate nest tucked into their hedges or garden shrubs.
Habitat and Range
Buff-bellied Hummingbirds occur mainly in South Texas, the Gulf Coast, and parts of the Rio Grande Valley. Their range extends into Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula, which gives them a tropical flair uncommon among other hummingbird species in the United States. They prefer semi-open habitats with scattered trees, coastal thickets, and neighborhoods with abundant flowering plants. They are one of the few hummingbirds in Texas that can be fairly common in yards, especially those filled with red tubular flowers.
Diet
Their diet revolves around nectar from native and ornamental flowers, including Turk’s cap, shrimp plant, coral bean, and trumpet vine. They also feed heavily on insects, especially during nesting season. Buff-bellieds are efficient aerial hunters; they hover, dart, and loop through the air in short bursts to catch gnats or small flying insects.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding typically begins in spring, though individuals in South Texas may start earlier depending on flower availability. Females lay two eggs that resemble tiny white pearls. Incubation lasts about two weeks, and the young hatch blind and nearly featherless. They develop rapidly and usually fledge within three weeks. After leaving the nest, chicks continue receiving feedings for several days until their flying and foraging abilities improve.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
One of the few hummingbirds in Texas that may overwinter near the Gulf Coast.
Known for its distinctive two-tone bill, which serves as a reliable identification trait.
Often vocal, producing soft chips while feeding or defending territory.
Human Interaction
They adapt extremely well to gardens and suburban landscapes. Homeowners with red tubular flowers and consistent feeder maintenance often host Buff-bellied Hummingbirds throughout much of the year. Their bright belly coloration makes them especially enjoyable to watch, as they add a splash of warmth to any backyard scene.
11. Rivoli’s (Magnificent) Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
Rivoli’s Hummingbird is one of the most striking species to appear in Texas, sporting dazzling iridescent colors that seem almost surreal. Males display a deep emerald-green throat, a brilliant violet forehead, and a metallic green body that appears to shift colors with every angle. Their large size—much bigger than most hummingbirds—also sets them apart. The tail is long and slightly rounded, often showing a purplish or dark sheen in flight.
Females are more subdued, wearing olive-green upperparts and pale, buffy underparts, but they still carry the slim elegance that makes this species memorable even without the shimmering colors of the males. Their bills are long and straight, complementing their sleek appearance.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Rivoli’s Hummingbirds behave with the confidence of birds that know they’re among the largest hummingbirds in North America. Males often perch conspicuously, surveying their surroundings from branches as if keeping watch over their “royal grounds.” They chase intruders with impressive bursts of speed, though they don’t always match the frantic unpredictability of smaller species.
Females handle all nesting tasks. Their nests are sturdy and cup-shaped, built using moss, spider silk, and lichen. They are usually placed on horizontal branches of coniferous trees or shady deciduous limbs. The nests often blend beautifully into the bark, making them hard to spot even when you know where to look.
Habitat and Range
This species is typically found in mountainous regions of the Southwest, but individuals occasionally wander into West Texas, especially in areas with higher elevation or cooler canyon environments. Big Bend National Park, the Davis Mountains, and remote forested slopes are prime places to look for them. Their overall range reaches into Mexico and Central America, where they occupy cloud forests and high-elevation woodlands.
Diet
Rivoli’s Hummingbirds feed on nectar from a wide variety of flowers, including agave, penstemon, and desert shrubs. Their relatively large size allows them to dominate feeding areas when necessary. They also eat insects for protein, especially during breeding season. Their long bill lets them access deeper flowers that other hummingbirds struggle to reach.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding occurs in late spring and summer. Females lay two small eggs and incubate them for about two weeks. The chicks grow quickly, developing insulating feathers within days and leaving the nest in about three weeks. Because they require abundant nectar sources, their nesting success is closely tied to seasonal blooming patterns in their habitat.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Among the largest hummingbirds to visit Texas.
Males appear almost black in the shade but blaze with color under bright light.
Their wingbeats are noticeably slower than those of smaller hummingbirds.
Human Interaction
Sightings in Texas often draw excitement from birders because Rivoli’s Hummingbird tends to be unexpected and spectacular. While they occasionally visit feeders in mountainous regions, they remain uncommon in lower elevations. Still, planting nectar-rich flowers increases the odds of attracting a wandering individual.
12. Blue-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis clemenciae)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Blue-throated Mountain-gem lives up to its dramatic name. Males feature a deep sapphire-blue throat, contrasting beautifully against olive-green upperparts and grayish underparts. They have a broad white stripe behind each eye, giving them a surprisingly sharp expression. Their size—larger than most other hummingbirds in Texas—makes them easy to identify, especially when they hover near feeders. Females lack the vibrant blue, but they share the bold facial stripe and overall robust frame.
Their long, slightly curved bill and strong wingbeats give them a powerful presence in flight. When they hover, the beating wings sometimes produce a wind-like fluttering sound, distinct from the higher-pitched hum typical of smaller species.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Blue-throated Mountain-gems behave like the dignitaries of the hummingbird world. They are quick, strong flyers and can dominate feeders with ease. Males often choose prominent perches to watch over feeding areas, occasionally chasing off rivals with remarkable agility for such a large species. Their territorial chases are less frantic than those of smaller hummingbirds but more deliberate, almost like a calculated strategy.
Females build paper-thin nests of plant fibers, moss, and spider silk. They often place these nests on sheltered ledges or within the protection of overhanging rocks or porches. Because of their preference for cooler, shaded areas, these nests sometimes appear in places where people least expect them.
Habitat and Range
In Texas, the Blue-throated Mountain-gem is primarily associated with the mountainous regions of the west. They prefer wooded canyons, riparian corridors, and shaded areas near streams. Their broader range includes the mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. While they are rare in most of Texas, birders at higher elevations might encounter them during late spring or early summer.
Diet
Their diet consists of nectar from deep-tubed flowers such as penstemon, columbine, and agave. They also eat insects, which they capture during hovering flights or by picking them from vegetation. Because of their larger size, they require more food than many hummingbirds, leading them to spend significant portions of the day feeding or guarding reliable nectar sources.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding takes place during warm months when flowers bloom consistently. Females lay two eggs and incubate them for about two weeks. Chicks develop feathers quickly and fledge in around three weeks. Their successful nesting often depends on cool, moist microhabitats that prevent overheating of eggs or chicks.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
The largest hummingbird species to regularly occur in Texas.
Known for its loud wingbeats, which can be heard several feet away.
The bold white cheek stripe is a signature field mark.
Human Interaction
They sometimes visit feeders in mountainous Texas towns or campsites. Gardeners in these areas can increase their chances of sightings by planting shade-loving nectar plants. Because of their memorable appearance and size, even a single sighting often becomes the highlight of a birdwatching trip.
13. Green-breasted Mango (Anthracothorax prevostii)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Green-breasted Mango is one of the most visually striking hummingbirds that occasionally visits Texas. Its elongated, curved bill, glossy green upperparts, and distinctive dark stripe running down the center of the chest form a combination that stands out even from a distance. Adult males often display a shimmering blue or violet upper breast that shifts in intensity depending on lighting, while females carry a bold contrast between white underparts and a prominent central stripe bordered with teal-green feathers. When sunlight hits their plumage, they seem to ignite with iridescent bursts, making them among the most memorable hummingbirds spotted in southern Texas.
Their wings are long and angular, giving them a sleek silhouette in flight. If you watch carefully, you’ll notice they beat their wings in slightly wider arcs than the tiny, rapid flutter typical of more petite species like the Calliope or Ruby-throated Hummingbird. That movement often provides one more clue when identifying this bird on the wing.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
The Green-breasted Mango exhibits a bold and investigative personality. They approach feeders with cautious confidence, pausing momentarily as if assessing the situation before diving in for a drink. Their flight patterns sometimes resemble short back-and-forth patrols—almost like a guard checking the perimeter. Males defend preferred nectar sources aggressively but rely more on calculated flying than frantic chases.
Females take on all nesting responsibilities. Their nests are usually built on horizontal branches of broad-leafed trees, often 10–20 feet above the ground. Constructed from soft plant fibers, lichen, and spider silk, the nest blends well with surrounding vegetation. Nest placement varies with available shade and humidity, but sheltered spots tend to be preferred to protect the delicate structure from intense South Texas heat.
Habitat and Range
Though the species is native to Central America and Mexico, certain individuals wander north into South Texas, especially near coastal areas and the Lower Rio Grande Valley. They make use of tropical and subtropical habitats such as forest edges, palm groves, and flowering suburban gardens. Texas represents the northern edge of their occasional range, making any sighting particularly special.
Diet
Their diet focuses heavily on nectar from flowering shrubs and vines—especially species with long, tubular blossoms. Favorites include hibiscus, porterweed, trumpet vine, and turk’s cap. Insects form a critical supplement, especially during breeding season. They capture insects midair or snatch them from leaves and bark with quick, efficient strikes.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding typically follows the rainy season in their primary range, but Texas-wandering individuals may not always establish nests. Where breeding occurs, females lay two eggs and incubate them for about two weeks. Chicks hatch blind and tiny but develop rapidly thanks to frequent feedings of nectar and insects. After about three weeks, the fledglings take their first flights, gradually building strength and coordination over the next several days.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Their central chest stripe is one of the most distinctive field marks among North American hummingbirds.
They often hover with their bodies angled slightly upward, a posture less common in many Texas species.
Their name “Mango” refers to their tropical origins rather than their diet—though the association gives them an exotic charm.
Human Interaction
Gardeners in South Texas sometimes host this species by planting nectar-rich shrubs and maintaining feeders with fresh sugar water. While sightings remain infrequent, they are usually unforgettable. Birdwatchers often travel from other states hoping for a glimpse when a Green-breasted Mango is reported in Texas.
14. Mexican Violetear (Colibri thalassinus)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Mexican Violetear is a hummingbird that looks as though it was dipped in glittering emerald and violet pigments. Its entire body shimmers various shades of green, with a dramatic violet patch on each side of the head. Depending on sunlight, these patches can appear deep purple, electric blue, or even metallic indigo. Their slightly curved black bill and long wings complete their elegant physical profile.
In flight, the Mexican Violetear appears almost neon in bright light—a feature that makes identification relatively straightforward. Their tail often shows a combination of green and blue tones, sometimes with subtle black edging. Both males and females share similar coloring, though males tend to be more intensely iridescent.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Mexican Violetears are known for their confident and sometimes restless behavior. They move with long, purposeful wingbeats, often patrolling open spaces or buzzing through flowering shrubs at impressive speed. They can be quite territorial, hovering for long periods at favored feeding spots and diving at intruders with noticeable vigor.
Nesting typically involves the female choosing a sheltered site in a forested or semi-wooded area. The nest is built from spider silk, moss, and plant fibers, forming a soft, secure cup. It’s often well-camouflaged, blending into tree bark or leafy surroundings. During incubation, females remain attentive and cautious, rarely leaving the nest for long periods.
Habitat and Range
Though primarily found in Mexico and Central America, the Mexican Violetear is prone to wandering—sometimes dramatically so. Texas sees them occasionally, especially in the central and eastern regions where scattered flower-rich woodlands and suburban gardens provide ideal feeding grounds. They appear most often during summer months, though irregular patterns make them unpredictable visitors.
Diet
Their diet consists mainly of nectar from flowering trees, vines, and shrubs. They favor blossoms high in sugar content, especially those with deep corollas. Insects such as gnats and small flies are also important food sources, captured through agile aerial maneuvers. Their feeding style often alternates between hovering and perching, depending on the flower’s structure.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
In their normal range, breeding aligns with warm, rainy periods when flowers bloom most reliably. Females lay two eggs and incubate them for roughly two weeks. The young grow rapidly and fledge in about three weeks. Because wanderers in Texas usually do not breed, most observations involve adults or juveniles traveling beyond their typical territory.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
One of the most widely wandering hummingbird species in the Western Hemisphere.
Their violet ear patch gives them a dramatic “masked” appearance.
Their flight calls are soft but recognizable once you’ve heard them a few times.
Human Interaction
Backyard feeders in Texas occasionally attract Mexican Violetears when they roam northward. Homeowners with lush gardens full of nectar-producing plants increase their chances of sightings. When one appears in Texas, birding communities often take note quickly because this species tends to draw enthusiastic attention.
15. White-eared Hummingbird (Basilinna leucotis)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The White-eared Hummingbird may be small, but its bold face pattern makes it one of the most easily identified hummingbirds to visit Texas. A crisp white stripe runs behind each eye, contrasting sharply with its green head and throat. Males often show a violet or bluish gorget, while females display softer, more muted shades. The rest of the body is covered in bright green feathers that shine with subtle iridescence.
Their tail is often square or slightly rounded, with dark central feathers accented by white edges. Because they are so petite, their wingbeats appear exceptionally quick, often producing a higher-pitched hum compared with larger species like the Blue-throated Mountain-gem.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
White-eared Hummingbirds are lively and alert, frequently zipping between flowers with sharp, darting movements. They seem curious by nature, occasionally approaching observers or hovering nearby as if briefly assessing the situation. Males defend feeding territories with surprising intensity for their size, relying on speed more than strength.
Females build small, cup-shaped nests decorated with lichen and held together by spider silk. These nests are typically found in sheltered spots on tree branches, shrubs, or even on human-made structures such as patio beams. Their attention to placement gives chicks protection from wind, sun, and predators.
Habitat and Range
This species is primarily found in the highlands of Mexico and Central America, but it sometimes strays into West Texas—mainly in mountain ranges like the Davis and Chisos Mountains. They prefer forest edges, canyons, and areas with abundant understory flowering plants. Their presence in Texas is irregular, adding an element of excitement for birdwatchers hoping to spot one.
Diet
White-eared Hummingbirds rely on nectar from a wide selection of flowers, especially tubular red or orange blossoms. They also consume insects captured either in flight or plucked from vegetation. Their small size means they must feed frequently, making them common visitors to feeders when present in the region.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Breeding season typically coincides with peak flowering times. Females lay two tiny eggs and incubate them for around two weeks. The chicks grow quickly, fueled by a diet rich in nectar and insects, and fledge after about three weeks. Even after fledging, young birds may continue to follow their mother for additional feedings.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
The bold white facial stripe makes them unmistakable even at a distance.
Known for their quick, high-pitched wing hum.
One of the smaller hummingbirds observed in Texas, yet among the most visually striking.
Human Interaction
They occasionally visit feeders in mountainous Texas communities. Planting native flowers such as penstemon and salvia can make gardens more inviting for them. Because they are rare visitors, any sighting tends to attract attention among birdwatchers.
16. Violet-crowned Hummingbird (Leucolia / Ramosomyia violiceps) (Rare)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Violet-crowned Hummingbird is aptly named for its dazzling violet crown, which gleams brilliantly in sunlight. Its back is a rich green, while the underparts are paler, sometimes with subtle white streaks along the flanks. A long, straight bill and slightly forked tail are distinguishing features, giving it a graceful, elegant profile in flight.
Despite being larger than some of its Texan counterparts, it moves with remarkable agility. Its hovering is steady and precise, often allowing close observation when feeding from flowers or feeders.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
This species is quiet and cautious. Unlike more aggressive hummingbirds, the Violet-crowned tends to hover calmly, only chasing rivals when necessary. Females are solely responsible for nest-building, typically using soft plant fibers, lichen, and spider silk. Nests are placed on sturdy horizontal branches, often 8–15 feet above ground, favoring sheltered locations to protect from wind and predators.
Habitat and Range
Native to Mexico and Central America, it is a rare visitor to southern Texas, especially near the Rio Grande Valley. They favor semi-arid scrub, forest edges, and gardens abundant with flowering plants. Any sighting in Texas is noteworthy due to its rarity.
Diet
Its diet is dominated by nectar from tubular flowers such as trumpet vine, salvia, and penstemon. Small insects and spiders provide essential protein, especially during breeding and chick-rearing seasons.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Where they occur naturally, females lay 2 eggs, incubated for roughly two weeks. Fledglings leave the nest at about 3 weeks, gaining strength and agility gradually. In Texas, these rare visitors usually do not breed, limiting observations to adult and juvenile migrants.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Violet-crowned Hummingbirds are shy compared to more aggressive species.
Their violet crown is most vibrant in direct sunlight, creating a mesmerizing effect.
They can hover motionless for several seconds, which is helpful for nectar feeding.
Human Interaction
Rarely, gardeners in South Texas attract them with abundant nectar-rich flowers and feeders. These sightings are celebrated by local birding enthusiasts due to the species’ scarcity in the state.
17. Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis amethystinus) (Vagrant)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem is an iridescent jewel in motion. Its amethyst-colored throat glows in the sun, contrasting with deep green back feathers and pale underparts. A short, straight bill complements its compact body, and its wings are proportionally long, allowing nimble, rapid flight.
Both males and females are visually striking, though males display brighter throats, especially during territorial displays. Observers often notice a soft metallic sheen across the head and upper back when light hits the feathers just right.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Mountain-gems are bold yet wary. They move quickly between flowers, often hovering longer than smaller hummingbirds to drink nectar thoroughly. Males perform courtship displays including steep dives and vocalizations to attract mates. Females handle nest building alone, creating cup-shaped nests camouflaged with moss and spider silk, usually placed in dense foliage.
Habitat and Range
Native to Mexico’s highland forests, Amethyst-throated Mountain-gems are vagrants in Texas, occasionally reaching the southwestern parts of the state. They prefer wooded slopes, canyons, and gardens with abundant nectar sources.
Diet
Feeding primarily on nectar from tubular flowers, they supplement their diet with tiny insects for protein. Their feeding technique is methodical, often revisiting favored flowers multiple times a day.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
In their natural range, breeding occurs in moist forest areas, with females laying 2 eggs per clutch. Texas vagrants generally do not breed, so observations are usually limited to transient adults.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
The amethyst throat gives it a jewel-like appearance in sunlight.
They have a relatively slow, deliberate hovering style compared to other hummingbirds.
Territorial displays are often accompanied by soft chirps and buzzing flight maneuvers.
Human Interaction
Vagrants in Texas are rarely seen at feeders, but those who do catch glimpses often find them fascinating. Gardens with penstemon, salvia, or hibiscus increase the likelihood of sightings.
18. Berylline Hummingbird (Saucerottia beryllina) (Very Rare)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Berylline Hummingbird is a medium-sized, green-bodied bird with a subtle yet elegant appearance. Its emerald back and turquoise-tinged underparts shine in sunlight, while males may exhibit a faintly metallic red or orange throat. The long, straight bill is perfect for feeding from deep tubular flowers.
This species’ flight is smooth and direct, often hovering briefly at flowers before darting to the next. Its subtle coloration can make field identification challenging, especially in dense foliage.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
The Berylline is highly territorial, defending its nectar sources vigorously. Females select hidden locations for nests, constructing small cups from plant fibers, moss, and spider silk. They favor tree branches in lightly shaded areas, providing protection for eggs and chicks.
Habitat and Range
Native to Mexico and Central America, they are very rare visitors in Texas, most often seen in southern regions with flowering shrubs. They favor semi-open forests, scrublands, and residential gardens offering abundant nectar.
Diet
Nectar from flowers like trumpet vine, porterweed, and penstemon dominates their diet. They also eat insects and spiders, which provide essential nutrients for growth and breeding.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Females lay two eggs per clutch, incubating them for roughly 14–16 days. Young birds fledge around three weeks after hatching. In Texas, sightings typically involve transient adults that do not breed locally.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
Known for subtle emerald and turquoise iridescence.
Unlike many aggressive hummingbirds, they may feed alongside other species if food is abundant.
Their rarity in Texas makes any sighting noteworthy for birdwatchers.
Human Interaction
Gardeners with flowering shrubs occasionally attract these rare birds. Due to their very limited presence in Texas, sightings often generate excitement within local birding communities.
19. Plain-capped Starthroat (Heliomaster constantii)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Plain-capped Starthroat is a medium-sized hummingbird easily recognized by its distinctive plain, grayish crown contrasting with a shimmering green back. The throat may show subtle iridescence, often varying under sunlight. Its long, slightly curved bill allows it to reach deep tubular flowers, while a broad, slightly forked tail aids in agile hovering.
Its hovering flight is steady and precise, and it often pauses mid-air to feed, giving birdwatchers ample time to observe its features.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Starthroats are moderately territorial. Males defend prime feeding spots with short chases and aerial displays, but aggression is usually brief. Females are solely responsible for nest-building, creating small cup-shaped nests with plant fibers, moss, and spider silk. Nests are placed on horizontal branches, typically 8–12 feet above the ground in lightly shaded areas.
Habitat and Range
Native to Mexico and the southwestern United States, Plain-capped Starthroats are occasional visitors in southern Texas, favoring desert scrub, semi-arid forests, and gardens with nectar-rich flowers. Sightings are considered exciting for local birders due to their scarcity.
Diet
Their diet is largely nectar-based, favoring flowers such as trumpet vine, penstemon, and salvia. Small insects and spiders supplement protein intake, particularly important during breeding or when raising chicks.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Females typically lay two eggs per clutch, incubating for 14–16 days. Fledglings leave the nest around three weeks old. Texas occurrences are generally transient adults, so breeding is rarely observed.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
The subtle gray crown distinguishes it from other Starthroats.
Its hovering technique is remarkably stable, almost like a miniature helicopter.
Sightings in Texas are highly prized among hummingbird enthusiasts.
Human Interaction
They may occasionally visit feeders in southern Texas gardens with abundant flowering plants. Each sighting is celebrated due to their rarity.
20. (Hypothetical) Black-crested Coquette (Lophornis helenae)
Physical Characteristics & Identification Tips
The Black-crested Coquette is a tiny hummingbird with a striking black crest, vibrant green body, and faintly iridescent throat. Its diminutive size and dazzling crest make it look like a jewel in motion. The straight, delicate bill is perfect for extracting nectar from narrow, tubular flowers.
While hypothetical in Texas, this species represents the kind of rare, vagrant hummingbird that enthusiasts hope to encounter in southern regions. Its small size and bold crest make it unmistakable if spotted.
Behavior and Nesting Habits
Coquettes are energetic fliers, hovering with remarkable speed while feeding. Males may perform short display flights to attract mates. Females build delicate cup-shaped nests using fine plant fibers and spider silk, usually attached to thin branches.
Habitat and Range
Native to Central America, the Black-crested Coquette is considered hypothetical in Texas. In its natural range, it prefers forest edges, gardens, and flowering shrubs, demonstrating adaptability to human-modified landscapes.
Diet
Like other hummingbirds, it feeds primarily on nectar, favoring brightly colored tubular flowers, and supplements with small insects for protein.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Females lay two tiny eggs, incubating them for about two weeks. Fledging occurs roughly three weeks post-hatching. Any Texas sightings would almost certainly be adult vagrants, not breeding birds.
Fun Facts / Unique Traits
The black crest is one of the most distinctive features among hummingbirds.
Coquettes are known for rapid, darting flight and frequent hovering.
They symbolize the excitement of potential rare vagrant sightings in Texas.
Human Interaction
Though hypothetical in Texas, gardeners with abundant nectar sources in southern regions may attract similar rare hummingbirds. Birdwatchers remain eager for any evidence of these elusive species.
Conclusion
Texas offers an extraordinary opportunity for bird enthusiasts to observe a diverse array of hummingbirds. From the commonly seen Ruby-throated Hummingbird to rare vagrants like the Black-crested Coquette, these agile, jewel-like birds captivate with their dazzling colors, rapid wingbeats, and fascinating behaviors. Whether feeding at backyard nectar feeders, hovering around vibrant flowers, or performing intricate courtship displays, hummingbirds enrich Texas gardens and natural areas alike. Observing these 20 species highlights the importance of preserving flowering habitats, providing supplemental feeders, and appreciating the delicate balance of ecosystems that sustain them. Each visit from a hummingbird reminds us of nature’s intricate beauty and the thrill of discovery that makes birdwatching in Texas so special.
Frequently Asked Questions About Hummingbirds in Texas
1. What types of hummingbirds are commonly found in Texas?
Texas hosts a variety of hummingbirds, including Ruby-throated, Black-chinned, Anna’s, Buff-bellied, Calliope, and rare vagrants like the Black-crested Coquette.
2. How many hummingbird species can be seen in Texas each year?
Birdwatchers can observe around 20 species in Texas, with some appearing seasonally or as rare visitors.
3. When is the best time to see hummingbirds in Texas?
The prime viewing months are from late March through September, which covers migration and breeding periods.
4. Are Ruby-throated Hummingbirds the most common in Texas?
Yes, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are among the most frequently seen species in Texas gardens and parks.
5. Can Buff-bellied Hummingbirds be found in Texas?
Yes, Buff-bellied Hummingbirds are primarily found in southern Texas, especially near the Rio Grande Valley.
6. How can I attract hummingbirds to my Texas backyard?
Plant native flowering plants, use red feeders filled with sugar water, and provide water sources to attract hummingbirds in Texas.
7. What flowers are best for hummingbirds in Texas?
Trumpet vine, salvia, bee balm, columbine, and honeysuckle are excellent nectar sources for Texas hummingbirds.
8. Do hummingbirds migrate through Texas?
Yes, Texas serves as a major corridor for migrating hummingbirds traveling between breeding grounds in the north and wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America.
9. Are Anna’s Hummingbirds common in Texas?
Anna’s Hummingbirds are occasional visitors and more commonly seen in the western parts of Texas during winter or migration.
10. Where in Texas can rare hummingbirds like the Rivoli’s Hummingbird be seen?
Rivoli’s Hummingbirds are extremely rare in Texas and are mostly observed in southern or western regions during unusual weather events.
11. How long do hummingbirds stay in Texas during migration?
Some hummingbirds may stay a few days to several weeks, depending on food availability and weather conditions in Texas.
12. Are there Texas-specific hummingbird feeders recommended?
Simple red feeders with sugar water work best; placing them near flowering plants increases visits.
13. What predators threaten hummingbirds in Texas?
Domestic cats, larger birds, and occasionally snakes can pose threats to hummingbirds in Texas.
14. Can hummingbirds survive winter in Texas?
Most species migrate south, but a few, like Anna’s and Buff-bellied Hummingbirds, may overwinter in southern Texas if food is available.
15. How do Texas hummingbirds choose nesting sites?
Females prefer tree branches or shrubs in sheltered areas near nectar-rich plants or abundant insects.
16. Are Calliope Hummingbirds rare in Texas?
Yes, Calliope Hummingbirds are considered vagrants and are mainly observed during migration.
17. What is the diet of hummingbirds in Texas?
They feed on flower nectar, supplemented by small insects and spiders for protein.
18. Do hummingbirds in Texas prefer urban or rural areas?
They adapt well to both, provided there are sufficient nectar sources and safe nesting sites.
19. Are there hummingbird-watching events in Texas?
Yes, local birding clubs and wildlife organizations host hummingbird counts, garden tours, and educational events across Texas.
20. How can I photograph hummingbirds in Texas?
Use a fast shutter speed, position near feeders or flowers, and exercise patience for hovering shots.
21. How do Texas hummingbirds differ from neighboring states?
Texas has a greater diversity due to its southern location and proximity to Mexico, resulting in more vagrant and tropical species than northern states.
22. What are some fun facts about Texas hummingbirds?
They can beat their wings over 50 times per second, hover in midair, and travel hundreds of miles during migration across Texas.
23. Are Broad-billed Hummingbirds ever seen in Texas?
Yes, though rare, Broad-billed Hummingbirds occasionally appear in southern Texas, mostly near the Rio Grande Valley.
24. Can hummingbirds coexist with other nectar-feeding birds in Texas?
Yes, though they may chase smaller competitors, hummingbirds often share habitats with bees, butterflies, and other nectar feeders.
25. How can Texas gardeners support hummingbird breeding?
Plant native nectar plants, maintain safe nesting areas, and avoid pesticides to protect their insect food sources.
26. Do Texas hummingbirds interact with humans?
Yes, many species feed at backyard feeders and may even tolerate human presence when foraging.
27. What is the lifespan of hummingbirds that migrate through Texas?
They can live up to 5 years on average, though migration and predation can reduce survival rates.
28. How does climate affect hummingbirds in Texas?
Changes in flowering seasons, temperatures, and storms can influence migration timing and food availability.
29. Are hummingbird populations in Texas increasing or decreasing?
Populations fluctuate due to habitat loss and climate factors, but backyard feeding and conservation efforts help support them.
30. What are common behavioral traits of Texas hummingbirds?
They are territorial, agile fliers, and males perform display dives during breeding season.
31. Can exotic hummingbirds be occasionally spotted in Texas?
Yes, species like the Green-breasted Mango and Mexican Violetear are rare vagrants occasionally seen in southern Texas.
32. How do Texas hummingbirds handle extreme heat?
They often feed during cooler parts of the day and use shaded areas to conserve energy in the hot Texas sun.
33. Do hummingbirds in Texas visit feeders year-round?
Mostly during migration and breeding, but some southern species may visit feeders in winter months if flowers are scarce.